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Page 44 TRANSDUCERS
C
YBER
A
MP
380, COPYRIGHT MARCH 2002, AXON INSTRUMENTS, INC.
thermistor types. These can be custom interfaced to the CyberAmp 380 by using the AI 490
Connector and AI 491 Cable kits.
2) Temperature transducers that produce an output
current proportional to absolute temperature.
The most notable temperature-dependent current sources are the Analog Devices AD590, with a
temperature range of -55 to +150°C, and the lower-cost AD592, with a temperature range of -25 to
+105°C. These are not available in the wide range of probe configurations provided by thermistor
manufacturers. They are commonly supplied in 0.23" (5.8 mm) diameter metal cans or in
0.25" x 0.093" (6.4 mm x 2.4 mm) ceramic flat packs. For use in the laboratory they must be wired
and insulated. The only temperature probe available from Analog Devices is the AC2626, comprising
an AD590 enclosed in a 4" (102 mm) or 6" (153 mm) long stainless steel sheath, 3/16" (4.8 mm)
outside diameter.
When connected to a DC voltage source (e.g. the +5.000 V excitation voltage of the CyberAmp) these
transducers force the current that flows in the circuit to equal 1 µA per degree Kelvin. The external
circuitry required to use the AD590 is very simple and it is easy to configure it for minimum and
average temperature measurements by placing transducers in series or in parallel, respectively. The
absolute accuracy and interchangeability of these probes is inferior to the Series 700 probes described
above. In their best and most expensive grade, the interchangeability is ±0.5°C at 25°C. The main
advantages of the AD590 are the simplicity of external support circuitry and their suitability for
remote sensing applications. Because the output is insensitive to voltage drops the devices can be
used with twisted-pair cabling hundreds of feet in length.
3) IC temperature transducers that produce an output voltage proportional to absolute temperature.
Two of the most suitable temperature-dependent voltage sources are the LM35A and the LM135A
sensors from National Semiconductor Corp. These have absolute accuracies (interchangeability) of
±0.5°C and ±1.0°C at 25°C respectively. The LM35A has a voltage output of 0 mV at 0°C and a
sensitivity of 10 mV/°C. The LM135A behaves as a zener diode with a voltage output of 0 mV at
0°K and a sensitivity of 10 mV/°C. These devices are generally cheaper than the AD590 transducers.
They are supplied in approximately 0.2" (5 mm) metal cans or plastic packages, but are not available
in ready-to-use probes.
Temperature transducers for extended temperature ranges
Two transducer types are commonly used for temperature measurements beyond the physiological
range.
1) Thermocouples
Thermocouples are economical and rugged transducers and have the advantages of small size, very
fast response time, and a wide temperature range. Thermocouples consist of two dissimilar metals in
contact. The offset potential between the metals is proportional to the temperature. (See Table 1.)
The low sensitivity and broad operating range generally make thermocouples most suitable for
industrial applications. For physiological applications, thermistors, with their greater sensitivity, are
more popular than thermocouples. On the other hand, thermocouples can be fabricated in remarkably
small sizes, permitting some unusual biological applications. For example, thermocouples with
micron dimensions can be inserted into single living cells. (Cain & Welch, 1974). Commercially
- CyberAmp 380 1
- Declaration of Conformity 3
- IMPORTANT INFORMATION 5
- RENSEIGNMENTS IMPORTANTS 6
- WICHTIGE INFORMATIONEN 7
- INFORMACION IMPORTANTE 8
- Explanation of symbols 9
- Explication des symboles 9
- Explicación de símbolos 9
- SÉCURITÉ 10
- SICHERHEITS 10
- HINWEISE 10
- SEGURIDAD 10
- COPYRIGHT 11
- VERIFICATION 11
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 13
- INTRODUCTION 19
- Page 2 INTRODUCTION 20
- INTRODUCTION Page 3 21
- FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 23
- General Features 26
- FUNCTIONAL CHECKOUT 29
- TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS 33
- Supply Voltage 37
- Changing the Fuse 37
- Grounding and Hum 38
- Power-Supply Glitches 39
- Input Coupling 39
- Expansion 40
- Low-Pass Filter 41
- Amplitude Characteristics 42
- Sampling Rate 43
- 10-90% Rise Time 43
- AC Coupling and Autozeroing 44
- 3 dB frequency of 44
- Time Constant 46
- 100 1.6 46
- Saturation 47
- Notch Filter 48
- Overload Detection 49
- Audio Monitor 50
- External Input 51
- Electrode Test 52
- Strain Gauges 55
- Active Probes 56
- Common-Mode Rejection Ratio 57
- Troubleshooting 59
- TRANSDUCERS 61
- Page 44 TRANSDUCERS 62
- TRANSDUCERS Page 45 63
- EMG, EEG, ECG Recording 64
- Nerve Cuffs 65
- Metal Microelectrodes 65
- Page 48 TRANSDUCERS 66
- Pressure 67
- Acceleration 67
- Self Heating 68
- Isolation 68
- Insulation Techniques 68
- AI 400 SERIES SmartProbes 69
- Transducer Adapter 71
- Input Connector Color Scheme 72
- Recommended Input Coupling 73
- Connector 74
- Example Circuits 75
- Basic Thermistor Circuit 76
- Amplifier Probes 78
- Current Probes 79
- Photodiode Amplifier 79
- Linear Potentiometers 80
- Rotary Potentiometers 80
- Panel Switch 81
- Foot Switch 81
- CMD300 CONTROL SOFTWARE 83
- Command-Line Mode 85
- Interactive Mode 85
- Command-File Mode 86
- Command Reference 87
- CMD300 OVERLOAD 91
- CMD300 REPEAT OVERLOAD 94
- QUICK300 CONTROL SOFTWARE 97
- Command Line Options 100
- CyberControl SOFTWARE 101
- Starting CyberControl 102
- Overload Handling 105
- Keyboard Commands 105
- Communications Settings 107
- PC Menus 108
- Macintosh Menus 109
- PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE 112
- Libraries and Example Code 114
- > end of response 116
- AT3F5 24000 118
- 2 4 6 8 10 ... 28000 30000 118
- AT8R06000 121
- D5=-1234500 124
- Implementation Notes 125
- Support Routine Details 125
- Example Programs 129
- SPECIFICATIONS 135
- Page 118 SPECIFICATIONS 136
- Offset range: ±10 V 137
- Page 120 SPECIFICATIONS 138
- SPECIFICATIONS Page 121 139
- Page 122 SPECIFICATIONS 140
- REFERENCES 141
- ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES 143
- Other Adjustments 144
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS Page 127 145
- SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS CABLES 147
- LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 149
- WARRANTY 151
- WARNING 153
- INDEX Page 137 155
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